Understanding GRAP
The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) was formulated by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in response to the persistent air quality issues faced by Delhi-NCR. Approved by the Supreme Court in 2016 and notified in 2017, GRAP is an incremental framework that activates specific measures based on the Air Quality Index (AQI) readings. The AQI categorizes air quality into different levels:
- Good (0-50)
- Moderate (51-100)
- Poor (101-200)
- Very Poor (201-300)
- Severe (301-400)
- Severe Plus (above 450)
As pollution levels worsen, GRAP initiates a series of escalating actions to mitigate health risks and environmental damage.
What Triggers GRAP-IV?
GRAP-IV is activated when the AQI exceeds 450, indicating a "Severe Plus" category. This stage represents a critical air pollution emergency where immediate action is necessary to prevent further deterioration of air quality. The decision to enforce GRAP-IV was made during an urgent meeting of the CAQM sub-committee after monitoring the AQI data and meteorological conditions.
Recent Implementation of GRAP-IV
In November 2024, Delhi's AQI reached a concerning level of 441, prompting the CAQM to implement Stage IV measures. The situation worsened rapidly, with the AQI crossing 450 shortly afterward. The CAQM's swift response was crucial in addressing this environmental crisis.
Key Restrictions Under GRAP-IV
The measures implemented under GRAP-IV are stringent and have far-reaching implications for residents of Delhi-NCR. Here are some of the key restrictions:
1. Construction Activities Halted
All construction and demolition activities are completely banned. This includes infrastructure projects like roads, flyovers, and bridges. The ban aims to reduce dust pollution, which significantly contributes to poor air quality.
2. Vehicle Restrictions
Vehicle movement is heavily regulated:
- Truck Entry: Only trucks carrying essential goods or providing essential services are allowed entry into Delhi. All other trucks are prohibited.
- Light Commercial Vehicles: Non-Delhi registered light commercial vehicles are barred from entering unless they are electric or CNG-powered.
- Diesel Vehicles: A complete ban on Delhi-registered diesel vehicles that do not meet BS-VI emission standards is enforced unless they are involved in essential services.
3. School Closures and Hybrid Learning
Schools have been instructed to switch to online classes for students up to Class IX due to health concerns associated with poor air quality. For higher classes, hybrid learning models may be adopted where physical attendance is minimized.
4. Workplace Regulations
Government and private offices may operate at reduced capacity, with many employees encouraged to work from home. This measure aims to decrease vehicular traffic and reduce emissions from commuting.
Impacts on Daily Life
The enforcement of GRAP-IV has significant implications for daily life in Delhi-NCR:
Health Concerns
The primary goal of these restrictions is to protect public health. Poor air quality can lead to serious health issues such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and increased mortality rates. Vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly, are particularly at risk during periods of severe pollution.
Economic Effects
While necessary for public health, these restrictions can have economic repercussions:
- Construction companies face losses due to halted projects.
- Businesses reliant on transportation may experience delays and increased costs.
- Schools switching to online formats may impact educational delivery and student engagement.
Public Sentiment
Residents often express frustration over recurring pollution crises and the perceived inadequacy of long-term solutions. While GRAP provides immediate relief measures, many argue that more sustainable strategies are needed to address the root causes of pollution, such as vehicular emissions and industrial discharges.
Challenges Ahead
Despite the implementation of GRAP-IV, several challenges remain:
- Meteorological Factors: Weather conditions play a significant role in air quality. Stagnant winds and temperature inversions can trap pollutants close to the ground, exacerbating pollution levels even when restrictions are in place.
- Compliance Issues: Ensuring compliance with vehicle restrictions and construction bans can be challenging. Enforcement agencies must be vigilant to prevent violations.
- Long-Term Solutions: While GRAP addresses immediate concerns, long-term strategies must focus on reducing emissions through cleaner technologies, promoting public transport, and enhancing green spaces within urban areas.
Conclusion
The activation of GRAP-IV in Delhi-NCR underscores the urgent need for effective measures to combat severe air pollution. While these restrictions aim to protect public health and improve air quality in the short term, they also highlight the ongoing challenges faced by policymakers in managing urban pollution. As citizens adapt to these changes in daily life, it is crucial for government bodies to work collaboratively with communities to develop sustainable solutions that address both immediate concerns and long-term environmental goals. The fight against air pollution requires collective efforts from all stakeholders—government agencies, businesses, and individuals—to create a healthier living environment for everyone in Delhi-NCR.
Written By- Hexadecimal Software Pvt Ltd